Влияние механизмов корпоративного управления на вероятность мошенничества на примере российских компаний
Аннотация
В статье раскрывается влияние механизмов корпоративного управления на вероятность возникновения корпоративного мошенничества. Оценивается воздействие размера совета директоров, степени независимости, частоты заседаний совета директоров и его комитетов на возможность осуществления мошеннических действий. Была также проанализирована роль гендерного разнообразия совета директоров, но поскольку в России такое разнообразие не развито, значимость данной переменной не подтверждена. Основу эмпирического исследования составили 160 наблюдений по котируемым на Московской бирже российским компаниям. В 32 из них в рамках пятилетнего периода с 2014 по 2018 г. было выявлено мошенничество. Взаимосвязь между вероятностью мошенничества и корпоративным управлением изучена с использованием логистической регрессии на основе годовых отчетов компаний и базы данных Thomson Reuters Eikon. Данные о фактах мошенничества получены из СМИ
(включая ведущие новостные источники и специализированные сайты). Была выявлена значимая отрицательная взаимосвязь между независимостью председателей комитета по назначениям и вознаграждениям, долей независимых директоров, независимостью председателей совета директоров и комитета по аудиту и вероятностью мошенничества. Кроме того, было установлено незначительное воздействие размера совета директоров и его комитетов, а также частоты их заседаний на такую вероятность. Данная работа вносит свой вклад в исследование взаимосвязи между механизмами корпоративного управления и возможностью мошеннических действий, подчеркивая особую роль обеспечения независимости председателя комитета по назначениям и вознаграждениям в российских компаниях.
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