Финансовая инклюзия и эффективность банков: на примере банковского сектора Эфиопии
Аннотация
Есть доказательства того, что финансовая инклюзия играет ключевую роль в стимулировании экономического роста и социального развития, укрепляя финансовую систему и снижая уровень бедности и неравенства доходов. Однако её влияние на финансовую эффективность банков остаётся неоднозначным.В данной работе исследуется взаимосвязь между финансовой инклюзией и финансовыми показателями коммерческих банков в Эфиопии на основе выборки из 16 банков. Анализ проводится на основе данных за 10 лет (2013–2022), собранных вручную из Национального банка Эфиопии (NBE) и годовых отчетов коммерческих банков. Для оценки используется двухшаговый системный метод обобщённых моментов (GMM), а также другие оценки моделей панельных данных. Результаты показывают, что рост финансовой инклюзии оказывает значительное положительное влияние на финансовую эффективность коммерческих банков в Эфиопии (по показателям ROA и ROE). Оценка методом GMM также показывает, что показатели эффективности банков (ROA и ROE) положительно связаны с их прошлыми значениями. Среди факторов, специфичных для банков, коэффициент затратной эффективности оказывает значительное отрицательное влияние на прибыльность банков. Исследование рекомендует банкам повышать доступность финансовых услуг за счёт расширения сети филиалов и банкоматов, а также предлагать инновационные финансовые продукты для увеличения прибыльности.
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