Финансирование и управление инновациями в Индии: новые перспективы зеленых инноваций
Аннотация
Индия является интереснейшим примером развивающейся экономики, адаптирующей концепцию инновационного развития под особенности своей экономики и культуры. Исследователи проявляют все больший интерес к инновациям в Индии, при этом постоянно растет количество публикаций, посвященных данной теме, а также количество их цитирования. В данной работе представлен метаобзор литературы по финансированию и управлению обычными и зелеными инновациями
в Индии. Новизна анализа состоит в нескольких аспектах. Во-первых, мы уделяем особое внимание сочетанию особенностей, общих для всех стран, а также характерных только для Индии, рассматривая виды инноваций и практики финансирования и управления инновациями в данной стране. Во-вторых, наша работа не просто обобщает ряд библиометрических обзоров и значительное количество методологических и эмпирических исследований инноваций в Индии, но также осуществляет обзор уникального ряда работ, взятых из Исследования менеджмента в странах мира (World Management Survey), которые сравнивают и сопоставляют управленческие практики в Индии с практиками во множестве развитых и развивающихся экономик. Наш анализ показывает, что Индия реализует некоторые общепринятые подходы к финансированию и управлению инновациями, а также что можно провести параллели между инновационными ИТ-компаниями в Индии и Японии. Однако Индия применяет много практик, которые в развитых странах принято считать неэффективными: расходы на НИОКР и зеленые инвестиции преимущественно обеспечивает государство, а не частный сектор; семейная собственность является движущей силой (а не препятствием) инноваций; особенное внимание уделяется потребителям с низким доходом; основной инновационной технологией является оптимизация затрат, а не конкуренция в области качества. В заключении мы объясняем особый инновационный путь Индии различными возможностями стимулирования зеленого развития в стране.
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