Why Do We Need to Examine Leadership Concepts and Styles in Finance? Literature Overview

Keywords: leadership, leadership concepts, leadership styles, transformational leadership, management, managers’ personal characteristics, company performance

Abstract

In the contemporary world, leadership concepts are associated with managerial literature. As a rule, scholars define a leader as a person with a certain set of positive characteristics that enable them to lead people and contribute to the successful development of a company. However, the concept of financial efficiency has to be factored into the effective development of a company. At the same time, personal characteristics of top managers, such as overconfidence, narcissism, excessive risk-taking, usually have a negative connotation in financial literature. This review includes a study of the development of various leadership concepts in management-related literature. The leader’s main personal characteristics are highlighted according to the literature. It also explores the relationship between the concepts of a leader and a manager. The literature devoted to the relationship between the concept of a transformational leader and company performance has also been studied. The key conclusion of this literature review is that certain personal characteristics of top managers can have a positive effect on a company’s performance if they are considered from the point of view of transformational leadership. This confirms the need for a deeper study of the relationship between managers’ personal characteristics and a company’s financial efficiency, especially in the context of sustainable development and the concept of transformational leadership.

Downloads

References

Spector B.A. Carlyle, Freud, and the great man theory more fully considered. Leadership. 2016;12(2):250-260. https://doi.org/10.1177/1742715015571392 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1742715015571392

Khurana R. Searching for a corporate savior: The irrational quest for charismatic CEOs. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; 2011. 336 p.

Badshah S. Historical study of leadership theories. Journal of Strategic Human Resource Management. 2012;1(1):49-59. URL: http://www.publishingindia.com/GetBrochure.aspx?query=UERGQnJvY2h1cmVzfC85NzUucGRmfC85NzUucGRm

Judge T.A., Bono J.E., Ilies R., Gerhardt M.W. Personality and leadership: A qualitative and quantitative review. Journal of Applied Psychology. 2002;87(4):765-780. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.87.4.765 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037//0021-9010.87.4.765

Verawati D.M., Hartono B. Effective leadership: From the perspective of trait theory and behavior theory. Jurnal REKOMEN: Riset Ekonomi Manajemen. 2020;4(1):13-23. https://doi.org/10.31002/rn.v4i1.2147 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31002/rn.v4i1.2147

McCrae R.R., Costa P.T., Jr. Empirical and theoretical status of the five-factor model of personality traits. In: Boyle G.J., Matthews G., Saklofske D.H., eds. The SAGE handbook of personality theory and assessment. Vol. 1: Personality theories and models. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc.; 2008:273-294. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781849200462.n13 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4135/9781849200462.n13

Goldberg L.R. The structure of phenotypic personality traits. American Psychologist. 1993;48(1):26-34. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.48.1.26 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037//0003-066X.48.1.26

McAdams D.P. The five‐factor model in personality: A critical appraisal. Journal of Personality. 1992;60(2):329-361. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1992.tb00976.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1992.tb00976.x

Bass B.M. Leadership: Good, better, best. Organizational Dynamics. 1985;13(3):26-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/0090-2616(85)90028-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0090-2616(85)90028-2

Hughes R.L., Ginnett R.C., Curphy G.J. Contingency theories of leadership. In: Hickman G.R., ed. Leading organizations: Perspectives for a new era. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc.; 1998:141-157.

Yukl G. Toward a behavioral theory of leadership. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance. 1971;6(4):414-440. https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-5073(71)90026-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-5073(71)90026-2

Yukl G. How leaders influence organizational effectiveness. The Leadership Quarterly. 2008;19(6):708-722. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2008.09.008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2008.09.008

Kaluza A.J., Boer D., Buengeler C., van Dick R. Leadership behaviour and leader self-reported well-being: A review, integration and meta-analytic examination. Work & Stress. 2020;34(1):34-56. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678373.2019.1617369 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02678373.2019.1617369

Frick D.M., Spears L.C. On becoming a servant-leader: The private writings of Robert K. Greenleaf. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass; 1996. 420 p.

Greenleaf R.K. Servant leadership: A journey into the nature of legitimate power and greatness. Mahwah, NJ: Paulist Press; 2002. 370 p.

Parris D.L., Peachey J.W. A systematic literature review of servant leadership theory in organizational contexts. Journal of Business Ethics. 2013;113(3):377-393. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-012-1322-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-012-1322-6

Den Hartog D.N., Van Muijen J.J., Koopman P.L. Transactional versus transformational leadership: An analysis of the MLQ. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology. 1997;70(1):19-34. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.1997.tb00628.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.1997.tb00628.x

House R.J., Shamir B. Toward the integration of transformational, charismatic, and visionary theories. In: Chemers M.M., Ayman R., eds. Leadership theory and research: Perspectives and directions. New York, NY: Academic Press; 1993:81-107.

McCleskey J.A. Situational, transformational, and transactional leadership and leadership development. Journal of Business Studies Quarterly. 2014;5(4), 117. URL: https://www.proquest.com/docview/1548766781?pq-origsite=gscholar

Sadeghi A., Pihie Z.A.L. Transformational leadership and its predictive effects on leadership effectiveness. International Journal of Business and Social Science. 2012;3(7):186-197. URL: http://www.ijbssnet.com/journals/Vol_3_No_7_April_2012/21.pdf

Lamb R. How can managers use participative leadership effectively. Brainly. 2013. (accessed on 20.01.2018).

Burns J.M. Leadership. New York, NY: Harper & Row; 1978. 544 p.

Abbas M., Ali R. Transformational versus transactional leadership styles and project success: A meta-analytic review. European Management Journal. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2021.10.011 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2021.10.011

Hoch J.E., Bommer W.H., Dulebohn J.H., Wu D. Do ethical, authentic, and servant leadership explain variance above and beyond transformational leadership? A meta-analysis. Journal of Management. 2018;44(2):501-529. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206316665461 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206316665461

Wang G., Oh I.S., Courtright S.H., Colbert A.E. Transformational leadership and performance across criteria and levels: A meta-analytic review of 25 years of research. Group & Organization Management. 2011;36(2):223-270. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601111401 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601111401017

Ghasabeh M.S., Soosay C., Reaiche C. The emerging role of transformational leadership. The Journal of Developing Areas. 2015;49(6):459-467. https://doi.org/10.1353/jda.2015.0090 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/jda.2015.0090

Korejan M.M., Shahbazi H. An analysis of the transformational leadership theory. Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences. 2016;8(3):452-461. https://doi.org/10.4314/jfas.v8i3s.192 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/jfas.v8i3s.192

Siangchokyoo N., Klinger R.L., Campion E.D. Follower transformation as the linchpin of transformational leadership theory: A systematic review and future research agenda. The Leadership Quarterly. 2020;31(1):101341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2019.101341 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2019.101341

Samanta I., Lamprakis A. Modern leadership types and outcomes: The case of Greek public sector. Management: Journal of Contemporary Management Issues. 2018;23(1):173-191. https://doi.org/10.30924/mjcmi/2018.23.1.173 DOI: https://doi.org/10.30924/mjcmi/2018.23.1.173

Bass B.M. From transactional to transformational leadership: Learning to share the vision. Organizational Dynamics. 1990;18(3):19-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/0090-2616(90)90061-S DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0090-2616(90)90061-S

Bass B.M., Stogdill R.M. Bass & Stogdill’s handbook of leadership: Theory, research, and managerial applications. New York, NY: The Free Press; 1990. 1184 p.

Majumdar B., Ray A. Transformational leadership and innovative work behaviour. Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology. 2011;37(1):140-148. URL: http://www.jiaap.org.in/Listing_Detail/Logo/f127c820-15ea-4d31-b3b4-33811dca061a.pdf

Bass B.M., Avolio B.J. Multifactor leadership questionnaire. APA PsycTests. 1995. https://doi.org/10.1037/t03624-000 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/t03624-000

Hargis M.B., Watt J.D., Piotrowski C. Developing leaders: Examining the role of transactional and transformational leadership across business contexts. Organization Development Journal. 2011;29(3):51-66.

Carless S.A. Assessing the discriminant validity of transformational leader behaviour as measured by the MLQ 1. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology. 1998;71(4):353-358. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.1998.tb00681.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.1998.tb00681.x

Xu L., Wubbena Z., Stewart T. Measurement invariance of second-order factor model of the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) across K-12 principal gender. Journal of Educational Administration. 2016;54(6):727-748. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEA-01-2015-0001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JEA-01-2015-0001

Kirkbride P. Developing transformational leaders: The full range leadership model in action. Industrial and Commercial Training. 2006;38(1):23-32. https://doi.org/10.1108/00197850610646016 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/00197850610646016

Muenjohn N., Armstrong A. Evaluating the structural validity of the multifactor leadership questionnaire (MLQ), capturing the leadership factors of transformational-transactional leadership. Contemporary Management Research. 2008;4(1). https://doi.org/10.7903/cmr.704 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7903/cmr.704

Yammarino F.J., Bass B.M. Transformational leadership and multiple levels of analysis. Human Relations. 1990;43(10):975-995. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872679004301003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/001872679004301003

Hay I. Transformational leadership: Characteristics and criticisms. E-Journal of Organizational Learning and Leadership. 2006;5(2).

Avolio B.J., Waldman D.A., Yammarino F.J. Leading in the 1990s: The four I’s of transformational leadership. Journal of European Industrial Training. 1991;15(4). https://doi.org/10.1108/03090599110143366 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/03090599110143366

Bass B.M., Steidlmeier P. Ethics, character, and authentic transformational leadership behavior. The Leadership Quarterly. 1999;10(2):181-217. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1048-9843(99)00016-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1048-9843(99)00016-8

Bono J.E., Judge T.A. Personality and transformational and transactional leadership: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology. 2004;89(5):901-910. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.89.5.901 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.89.5.901

Gellis Z.D. Social work perceptions of transformational and transactional leadership in health care. Social Work Research. 2001;25(1):17-25. https://doi.org/10.1093/swr/25.1.17 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/swr/25.1.17

Avolio B.J., Sosik J.J., Jung D.I., Berson Y. Leadership models, methods, and applications. In: Borman W.C., Ilgen D.R., Klimoski R.J., eds. Handbook of psychology: Industrial and organizational psychology. Vol. 12. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2003:277-307. https://doi.org/10.1002/0471264385.wei1212 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/0471264385.wei1212

Eagly A.H., Johannesen-Schmidt M.C., Van Engen M.L. Transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire leadership styles: a meta-analysis comparing women and men. Psychological Bulletin. 2003;129(4):569-591. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.129.4.569 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.129.4.569

Hinkin T.R., Schriesheim C.A. An examination of “nonleadership”: From laissez-faire leadership to leader reward omission and punishment omission. Journal of Applied Psychology. 2008;93(6):1234-1248. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0012875 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0012875

Buch R., Martinsen Ø.L., Kuvaas B. The destructiveness of laissez-faire leadership behavior: The mediating role of economic leader-member exchange relationships. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies. 2015;22(1):115-124. https://doi.org/10.1177/15480518135153 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1548051813515302

Breevaart K., Zacher H. Main and interactive effects of weekly transformational and laissez‐faire leadership on followers’ trust in the leader and leader effectiveness. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology. 2019;92(2):384-409. https://doi.org/10.1111/joop.12253 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/joop.12253

Yang I. Positive effects of laissez-faire leadership: Conceptual exploration. Journal of Management Development. 2015;34(10):1246-1261. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMD-02-2015-0016 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JMD-02-2015-0016

Toor S.U.R. Differentiating leadership from management: An empirical investigation of leaders and managers. Leadership and Management in Engineering. 2011;11(4):310-320. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)LM.1943-5630.0000138 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)LM.1943-5630.0000138

Kotterman J. Leadership vs management: What’s the difference? Journal for Quality & Participation. 2006;29(2):13-17.

Bass B.M., Riggio R.E. Transformational leadership. London: Psychology Press; 2006. 296 p. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781410617095

Algahtani A. Are leadership and management different? A review. Journal of Management Policies and Practices. 2014;2(3):71-82. https://doi.org/10.15640/jmpp.v2n3a4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15640/jmpp.v2n3a4

Den Hartog Reyes T., Vassolo R.S., Kausel E.E., Torres D.P., Zhang S. Does overconfidence pay off when things go well? CEO overconfidence, firm performance, and the business cycle. Strategic Organization. 2022;20(3):510-540. https://doi.org/10.1177/14761270209306 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1476127020930659

Herz H., Schunk D., Zehnder C. How do judgmental overconfidence and overoptimism shape innovative activity? Games and Economic Behavior. 2014;83:1-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geb.2013.11.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geb.2013.11.001

Malmendier U., Tate G. Who makes acquisitions? CEO overconfidence and the market’s reaction. Journal of Financial Economics. 2008;89(1):20-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2007.07.002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2007.07.002

Croci E., Petmezas D., Vagenas-Nanos E. Managerial overconfidence in high and low valuation markets and gains to acquisitions. International Review of Financial Analysis. 2010;19(5):368-378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2010.06.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2010.06.003

O’Reilly C.A., Chatman J.A. Transformational leader or narcissist? How grandiose narcissists can create and destroy organizations and institutions. California Management Review. 2020;62(3):5-27. https://doi.org/10.1177/000812562091 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0008125620914989

Jung D.D., Wu A., Chow C.W. Towards understanding the direct and indirect effects of CEOs’ transformational leadership on firm innovation. The Leadership Quarterly. 2008;19(5):582-594. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2008.07.007 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2008.07.007

Chen J.X. et al. Demystifying the impact of CEO transformational leadership on firm performance: Interactive roles of exploratory innovation and environmental uncertainty. Journal of Business Research. 2019;96:85-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.10.061 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.10.061

Zuraik A., Kelly L. The role of CEO transformational leadership and innovation climate in exploration and exploitation. European Journal of Innovation Management. 2019;22(1):84-104. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-10-2017-0142 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-10-2017-0142

García‐Morales V.J., Lloréns‐Montes F.J., Verdú‐Jover A.J. The effects of transformational leadership on organizational performance through knowledge and innovation. British Journal of Management. 2008;19(4):299-319. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8551.2007.00547.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8551.2007.00547.x

Nguyen T.T.N., Luu T.M.N. Linking transformational leadership and organizational performance: An empirical investigation of manufacturing firms in Vietnam. Economics & Sociology. 2019;12(2):170-191. https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789X.2019/12-2/10 DOI: https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789X.2019/12-2/10

Khan H.U.R., Ali M., Olya H.G., Zulqarnain M., Khan Z.R. Transformational leadership, corporate social responsibility, organizational innovation, and organizational performance: Symmetrical and asymmetrical analytical approaches. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management. 2018;25(6), 1270-1283. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1637 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1637

Kittikunchotiwut P. Transformational leadership and financial performance: The mediating roles of learning orientation and firm innovativeness. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business. 2020;7(10):769-781. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.n10.769 DOI: https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.n10.769

Ling Y. et al. The impact of transformational CEOs on the performance of small-to medium-sized firms: Does organizational context matter? Journal of Applied Psychology. 2008;93(4):923-934. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.93.4.923 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.93.4.923

Razzaq S. et al. Transformational leadership and organizational performance in Western & non-Western context: Systematic review of 2019. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Research. 2020;3(3):58-60. https://doi.org/10.31580/ijer.v3i3.1505 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31580/ijer.v3i3.1505

Masa’deh R., Obeidat B.Y., Tarhini A. A Jordanian empirical study of the associations among transformational leadership, transactional leadership, knowledge sharing, job performance, and firm performance: A structural equation modelling approach. Journal of Management Development. 2016;35(5):681-705. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMD-09-2015-0134 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JMD-09-2015-0134

Atan J., Mahmood N. The role of transformational leadership style in enhancing employees’ competency for organization performance. Management Science Letters. 2019;9(13):2191-2200. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2019.7.033 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2019.7.033

Zhang X. et al. Getting everyone on board: The effect of differentiated transformational leadership by CEOs on top management team effectiveness and leader-rated firm performance. Journal of Management. 2015;41(7):1898-1933. https://doi.org/10.1177/01492063124713 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206312471387

Charoensukmongkol P., Lamsam N. Effect of CEO transformational leadership on organizational ethical culture and firm performance: The moderating effect of competitive intensity. Journal of Asia Business Studies. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1108/JABS-12-2021-0513 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JABS-12-2021-0513

Published
2022-12-20
How to Cite
KurdyukovN. (2022) “Why Do We Need to Examine Leadership Concepts and Styles in Finance? Literature Overview”, Journal of Corporate Finance Research / Корпоративные Финансы | ISSN: 2073-0438, 16(4), pp. 135-143. doi: 10.17323/j.jcfr.2073-0438.16.4.2022.135-143.
Section
Reviews